Electric Hoist Brake Standard JB/T 10220-2014 Explained
JB/T 10220-2014 "Brakes for Electric Hoists" is the product standard governing dedicated brakes used in electric hoists. The standard defines the classification, technical requirements, performance parameters, and test methods for cone brakes used in electric hoists, and applies to conical rotor brakes installed in the hoisting and travel motors of wire rope electric hoists and chain electric hoists.
JB/T 10220-2014 is the product standard for electric hoist brakes, specifying their classification, technical requirements, test methods, and inspection rules. The brake is the most critical safety component in the hoisting mechanism of an electric hoist, and its reliability directly determines the safety of lifting operations.
Brake Types and Construction
The main brake types covered by JB/T 10220-2014 include: Cone rotor brake — the most widely used brake configuration for electric hoists. When the conical rotor motor is energized, an axial magnetic force overcomes the spring pressure and lifts the brake wheel off the friction surface; when power is cut off, the spring presses the brake wheel firmly against the friction surface to apply braking. The cone brake is integrated inside the motor housing, offering a compact structure and low manufacturing cost.
Electromagnetic disc brake — braking is applied by an electromagnet that presses or releases friction discs. This type delivers high, stable braking torque with smooth braking action, making it suitable for large-tonnage electric hoists and frequent-duty applications. The electromagnetic disc brake is mounted externally on the motor output shaft, which simplifies adjustment and maintenance. Hydraulic disc brake — braking is controlled by a hydraulic thruster acting on the friction discs. It provides smooth engagement and a long service life, though at a higher cost.
Brake Performance Parameters
Key performance requirements under the standard: Braking torque — the rated braking torque of an electric hoist brake must be no less than 1.5 times the motor's rated torque. Brake slip distance — when braking under 1.5 times the rated load, the load drop for a CD1-type hoist must not exceed 100 mm, and for an MD1-type two-speed hoist, no more than 80 mm. Brake clearance — for cone brakes, the clearance between the fan-type brake wheel and the rear cover friction surface should be 0.2–0.5 mm.
Thermal capacity — after 10 consecutive braking cycles under rated operating conditions, the brake wheel surface temperature must not exceed 200°C. The brake wheel surface hardness must be at least HRC45 to ensure adequate wear resistance. The coil insulation is Class F (maximum allowable operating temperature 155°C). The mechanical service life is at least 500,000 cycles for cone brakes and 1,000,000 cycles for electromagnetic disc brakes.
Adjustment and Maintenance
Cone brake adjustment: The spring compression is adjusted by adding or removing adjustment shims. If the braking torque is too low, reduce the shim thickness (increasing spring compression); if the braking torque is too high, add shims (decreasing spring compression). After adjustment, perform a load test to verify the brake slip distance. Ensure that the compression of both springs is equal during adjustment.
Electromagnetic disc brake adjustment: The brake clearance is set by adjusting the gap between the armature and the friction disc (standard clearance: 0.3–0.6 mm). Friction discs must be replaced when worn to half their original thickness. Routine maintenance: Every 2,000 operating hours, inspect the brake clearance and brake wheel wear, and clean any oil or dust from the brake wheel surface. Kelude electric hoist brakes undergo unit-by-unit braking torque testing before delivery.
Common Faults and Troubleshooting
Brake slipping — the most common fault. Causes include oil or grease on the brake wheel or friction surface (clean with anhydrous alcohol), fatigued brake springs (replace the springs), or excessive brake clearance (readjust). Brake fails to release — check the motor wiring and supply voltage, and verify that the conical rotor axial travel is within specification. Insufficient rotor travel prevents the brake from fully releasing, which can overload the motor and cause overheating.
Abnormal brake noise — caused by surface cracking or uneven wear on the brake wheel, or an uneven friction surface (re-machine by turning, or replace the brake wheel). Excessive brake temperature rise — caused by frequent braking or insufficient brake clearance, which leads to continuous dragging (reduce braking frequency or adjust the clearance). Brake coil burnout — caused by overvoltage or prolonged energization leading to overheating (check the supply voltage and the brake control circuit).
Brake Type
Cone Brake
Electromagnetic / Hydraulic
Braking Torque
≥1.5× Rated Torque
Brake Clearance
0.2–0.5 mm
Brake Wheel Diameter
Φ100–Φ300 mm
Coil Insulation
Class F (155°C)
Mechanical Life
≥500,000 Cycles
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| Parameter | Cone brake | electromagnetic disc brake |
|---|---|---|
| Braking Mode | Conical rotor Axial Magnetic Attraction | Electromagnetic Iron Pressure Friction Disc |
| Braking torque | Medium | Large |
| Braking Stability | Fair | Good |
| Heat Dissipation Performance | Good | Fair |
| maintenance Difficulty | Simple | Moderately Complex |
| Applicable Hoist | CD1/MD1 Type | heavy-duty hoist |
Electric Hoist Brake FAQ: Types, Adjustment & Troubleshooting
Q: What are the main types of electric hoist brakes and how do they work?
A: The most common type is the cone brake. When the conical rotor is energized, it generates an axial magnetic pull that overcomes the brake spring pressure, releasing the fan brake wheel from the rear cover braking surface so the motor can rotate freely. When power is cut, the magnetic pull disappears and the spring presses the fan brake wheel back against the rear cover braking surface to stop the motor. Electromagnetic disc brakes, on the other hand, use an electromagnet to clamp or release friction discs for braking.
Q: How do I adjust the braking torque?
A: For cone brakes, braking torque is adjusted by changing the thickness of the adjustment washers, which in turn controls spring compression. Increasing washer thickness reduces spring compression and lowers braking torque; decreasing washer thickness increases spring compression and raises braking torque. After any adjustment, perform a load test to verify performance: at 1.5 times the rated load, the brake slip distance must not exceed 100 mm for CD1 hoists or 80 mm for MD1 hoists.
Q: What is the standard brake clearance and how often should it be checked?
A: For cone brakes, the standard clearance between the fan brake wheel and the rear cover braking surface is 0.2–0.5 mm. For electromagnetic disc brakes, the clearance between the friction disc and the armature is 0.3–0.6 mm. Inspect brake clearance every 2,000 operating hours or every 3 months, whichever comes first. If the clearance exceeds the limit, the brake may not release fully, leading to drag, overheating, and motor overload.
Q: What are common brake faults and how do I fix them?
A: Brake slipping — Check the brake wheel and rear cover braking surface for oil or grease contamination (clean with alcohol), inspect the brake spring for fatigue (replace if worn), and verify the brake clearance is not excessive (readjust if needed). Brake fails to release — Check motor wiring connections, confirm the voltage is within specification, and verify the conical rotor axial travel meets the required value. Abnormal brake noise — Inspect the brake wheel surface for cracks or thermal damage.
