GB/T 15360-2019 Truck Crane Standard Guide
GB/T 15360-2019 "Truck Cranes" is the product standard for truck-mounted cranes. It specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, and inspection rules for truck cranes, and is applicable to cranes mounted on general-purpose commercial vehicle chassis with lifting devices installed.
Scope of Application and Classification
GB/T 15360-2019 classifies truck cranes by rated lifting capacity into small (≤12 t), medium (16–50 t), large (55–120 t), and extra-large (≥130 t) categories. By boom structure, cranes are divided into lattice boom types (welded steel truss construction, lightweight but non-telescoping) and box-section telescopic boom types (multi-section box-section boom segments hydraulically driven — the most widely used configuration). Key parameters specified by the standard include maximum rated lifting capacity, basic boom length, fully extended boom length, maximum lifting height, working radius, outrigger span, and travel dimensions. Kelude offers supporting services for truck cranes in accordance with this standard.
Structural Components and Hydraulic System Requirements
The standard sets requirements for main structural components, covering the chassis (general-purpose cargo truck chassis or dedicated crane chassis with reinforced frame design), outriggers (H-type with independently controlled horizontal extension and vertical lifting hydraulic cylinders, equipped with locking devices), slewing bearing (roller or crossed-roller type), slewing platform (housing the power system, hydraulic control valve blocks, hoisting drum, and luffing cylinder), and boom (multi-section box-section with wear-resistant nylon or copper alloy slider pads; material Q690D with yield strength ≥690 MPa). For the hydraulic system, the standard requires piston pump or gear pump drive, a system working pressure of 25–35 MPa, and dual protection via hydraulic lock valves and counterbalance valves.
Testing, Inspection, and Safety Requirements
The stability test specified in the standard requires lifting at maximum working radius with the corresponding rated load, during which no outrigger reaction may become negative. The rated load test verifies the operation of all mechanisms by lifting the rated load at various working radii. The 1.25× static load test requires holding the load at minimum radius for 10 minutes. The 1.1× dynamic load test is performed under combined operation of mechanisms. Safety devices must include a load moment limiter (LML), lifting capacity limiter, radius indicator, height limit switch, slewing limit switch, spirit level, and anemometer. For travel safety, the standard requires the boom to be fully retracted and locked, outriggers stowed and locked, and the hook raised to its highest position and secured.
| inspection items | technical requirements | test method | Standard Clause |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stability | outrigger reaction≥0 | Most Unfavorable Direction Lifting | §6.1 |
| rated load | All Mechanisms Normal | Full-Range Operation | §6.2 |
| 1.25Timesstatic load | Hold10min | Nonepermanent deformation | §6.3 |
| 1.1Timesdynamic load | Combined Motion | Interlocked Operation | §6.4 |
| Travel Test | ≥70km/h | Highway100km | §6.5 |
| safety device | Function | alarm threshold | Standard Clause |
|---|---|---|---|
| Load moment limiter (LML) | Calculation Torque% | 105%Alarm/110%Cutoff | §5.4.1 |
| Lifting Capacity Limiter / Load Limiter | Display Load Ratio | Overload Alarm | §5.4.2 |
| Radius indicator | Display Working radius | Real-Time Display | §5.4.3 |
| spirit level | Chassis Levelness | >3°Alarm | §5.4.4 |
| Height Limit Switch | Preventionover-hoisting | automatic stop | §5.4.5 |
Standard Comparison and Application Recommendations
GB/T 15360-2019, GB/T 3811 Crane Design Standard, and JB/T 1306 (Electric Single-Girder Crane) are interrelated yet distinct in their design requirements. A truck crane serves a dual role as both lifting equipment and a road-going vehicle, so its design must address not only lifting performance but also highway travel safety. When selecting a truck crane, verify that its travel dimensions and curb weight comply with road and bridge load limits.
For practical applications, we recommend using this standard in conjunction with GB/T 6067.3 (Mobile Crane Safety Regulations) and GB/T 23723.3 (Safe Use of Mobile Cranes). Stability tests and load moment limiter (LML) verification conducted regularly are essential to safe crane operation. Kelude Heavy Industry offers supporting services for truck cranes in accordance with the standard.
Related Standards: GB/T 24809.1-2009 Cranes — Pulleys — Part 1: General Requirements · GB/T 29086-2012 Cranes — Wire Ropes — End Fixings
Related Standards
FAQ
Q: What is the main difference between a truck crane and a crawler crane?
A: A truck crane uses a truck chassis with rubber wheels, allowing it to travel on highways at speeds up to 70 km/h (43 mph) for quick relocation, but it requires outriggers to be deployed during lifting operations. A crawler crane uses crawler tracks as its travel mechanism and can move under load with a higher lifting capacity, but its travel speed is limited to 5 km/h (3 mph) and it must be transported on a low-bed trailer between sites. Selection advice: choose a truck crane for frequent job-site relocations; choose a crawler crane for long-duration heavy lifts.
Q: How does the load moment limiter (LML) on a truck crane work?
A: The LML calculates the load moment in real time using signals from the load cell and working radius sensor (moment = load × working radius) and compares it against the rated load moment. At 90% of the rated value, a yellow early warning is triggered; at 105%, a red alarm sounds and the crane automatically shuts down hoisting up and boom-radius-increasing movements. The display screen shows the current working radius, load weight, moment percentage, and jib length in real time.
Q: What is the purpose of a hydraulic lock valve, and why is it mandatory on truck cranes?
A: A hydraulic lock valve is a dual-pilot check valve installed between the inlet and return ports of a hydraulic cylinder. During normal operation, the valve remains open. If a hydraulic pipeline ruptures, the valve closes automatically, trapping the hydraulic oil inside the cylinder and preventing the piston rod from suddenly retracting under load. Without a hydraulic lock valve, a pipeline failure on a truck crane would cause the outriggers to collapse instantly or the boom to drop suddenly.
Q: What should be considered when operating the outriggers on a truck crane?
A: Outriggers must be set on firm, level ground (use cribbing or pads to distribute ground pressure if necessary). After fully extending all outriggers, check the chassis levelness (longitudinal and lateral inclination must not exceed 1°). Ensure the outriggers are fully extended and locked in position. After completing the lift, retract the vertical outriggers first, followed by the horizontal ones.
